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AS5046 PROGRAMMABLE 12-bit 360 MAGNETIC ANGLE ENCODER WITH ABSOLUTE 2-WIRE SERIAL AND ANALOG INTERFACES
PRELIMINARY DATA SHEET
1
General Description
2
* * * *
Key Features
360 contactless high resolution angular position encoding User programmable zero position 12-bit 2-wire serial interface Versatile analog output programmable angular range up to 360 programmable ratiometric output voltage range High resolution magnet distance indication 256 steps within recommended range (~0.5 to 1.8mm) 256 steps over extended range (~0 to 5mm) Mode input for optimizing noise vs. speed Alignment mode for magnet placement guidance Wide temperature range: - 40C to + 125C Small package: SSOP 16 (5.3mm x 6.2mm)
The AS5046 is a contactless magnetic angle encoder for accurate measurement up to 360. It is a system-on-chip, combining integrated Hall elements, analog front end and digital signal processing in a single device. The AS5046 provides a digital serial 12-bit as well as a programmable 10-bit ratiometric analog output that is directly proportional to the angle of a magnet, rotating over the chip. In addition, the serial interface enables a user configurable arrangement of the Hall array and allows access to each individual Sensor of the Hall Array. The AS5046 also provides high resolution information of the magnetic field strength, respectively the vertical distance of the magnet, thus adding excellent state-ofhealth information of the overall system. An internal voltage regulator allows operation of the AS5046 from 3.3V or 5.0V supplies.
*
* * * *
3
Applications
The AS5046 is ideal for applications that require high resolution, a minimum of wires between controller and sensor and where the vertical distance of the magnet is of importance: * * * * Remote sensors Rotate-and-push manual input devices Joysticks Applications with extended safety requirements regarding magnet distance
MagRNGn
Figure 1: Typical arrangement of AS5046 and magnet
Hall Array & Frontend Amplifier Hall Sensor switch matrix 14-bit ADC 14-bit ADC
Sin Ang Mag 12 8
Mode
CSn
Benefits
* * * * * * Complete system-on-chip High reliability due to non-contact sensing Bi-directional 2-wire interface Programmable ratiometric analog output Ideal for application s in harsh environments Robust system, tolerant to magnet misalignment, airgap variations, temperature variations and external magnetic fields No calibration required
DSP
Cos
AGC
12 12 8
Absolute Interface (IC)
8
SDA
SCL
12
OTP Register
Range preselect
10
DACref FB
Vout
AS5046
Programming Parameters
10bit DAC
+
DACout Prog_DI
*
Figure 2: AS5046 block diagram
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AS5046 Programmable 360 Magnetic Angle Encoder - Preliminary Data Sheet
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Pin Configuration
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9
MagRngn Mode CSn SCL NC SDA VSS Prog
VDD5V VDD3V3 NC NC Vout FB DACout DACref
DO_OD DI_PD DI_PU AI DI
digital output open drain digital input pull-down digital input pull-up analog input digital input
S supply pin DO_T digital output /tri-state ST schmitt-trigger input AO analog output
4.1
Pin Description
Pins 7, 15 and 16 are supply pins, pins 5, 13 and 14 are for internal use and must be left open. Pin 1 is the magnetic field strength indicator, MagRNGn. It is an open-drain output that is pulled to VSS when the magnetic field is out of the recommended range (45mT to 75mT). The chip will still continue to operate, but with reduced performance, when the magnetic field is out of range. When this pin is low, the analog output at pins #10 and #12 will be 0V to indicate the out-of-range condition. Pin 2 MODE allows switching between filtered (slow) and unfiltered (fast mode). See section 10. Pin 3 Chip Select (CSn; active low) selects a device for serial data transmission over the 2-wire interface. A "logic high" at CSn forces output SDA to digital tri-state. Pin 4 SCL (Serial Clock) is the clock input for data transmission over the 2-wire serial interface Pin 6 SDA (Serial Data Line) is the serial data input / output line during data transmission over the 2-wire interface Pin 8 PROG is used to program the different operation modes, as well as the zero-position in the OTP register. Pin 9 DACref is the external voltage reference input for the Digital-to-Analog Converter (DAC). If selected, the analog output voltage on pin 12 (Vout) will be ratiometric to the voltage on this pin. Pin10 DACout is the unbuffered output of the DAC. This pin may be used to connect an external OPAMP, etc. to the DAC. Pin 11 FB (Feedback) is the inverting input of the OPAMP buffer stage. Access to this pin allows various OPAMP configurations. Pin 12 Vout is the analog output pin. The analog output is a DC voltage, ratiometric to VDD5V (3.0 - 5.5V) or an external voltage source and proportional to the angle.
Figure 3: AS5046 pin configuration SSOP16
Package = SSOP16 (16 lead Shrink Small Outline Package) Pin Symbol Type Description Magnet Field Magnitude RaNGe warning; active low, indicates that the magnetic field strength is outside of the recommended limits. Mode input. Select between low noise (open, low) and high speed (high) mode. Internal pull-down resistor Chip Select, active low; Schmitt-Trigger input, internal pull-up resistor (~50k). Must be connected to VSS for serial data transmission. Serial Clock Line.Clock input for 2-wire serial data transmission must be left unconnected Serial Data Line. Bi-directional I/O for 2wire serial data transmission Negative Supply Voltage (GND) OTP Programming Input. Internal pull-down resistor (~74k). Should be connected to VSS if programming is not used DAC Reference voltage input for external reference DAC output (unbuffered, Ri ~8k) Feedback, OPAMP inverting input OPAMP output Must be left unconnected Must be left unconnected 3V-Regulator Output for internal core, regulated from VDD5V.Connect to VDD5V for 3V supply voltage. Do not load externally. Positive Supply Voltage, 3.0 to 5.5 V
1
MagRngn
DO_OD
2
Mode
DI_PD, ST DI_PU, ST DI,ST DIO S DI_PD
3
CSn
4 5 6 7 8
SCL NC SDA VSS Prog
9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16
DACref DACout FB Vout NC NC VDD3V3 VDD5V
AI AO
AI AO
S S
Table 1: Pin description SSOP16
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AS5046 Programmable 360 Magnetic Angle Encoder - Preliminary Data Sheet
5
5.1
Electrical Characteristics
Absolute Maximum Ratings (non operating)
Stresses beyond those listed under "Absolute Maximum Ratings" may cause permanent damage to the device. These are stress ratings only. Functional operation of the device at these or any other conditions beyond those indicated under "Operating Conditions" is not implied. Exposure to absolute maximum rating conditions for extended periods may affect device reliability.
Parameter DC supply voltage Symbol VDD5V VDD3V3 -0.3 Input pin voltage Vin -0.3 -0.3 Input current (latchup immunity) Electrostatic discharge Storage temperature Body temperature (Lead-free package) Humidity non-condensing Iscr ESD Tstrg TBody H 5 -55 -100 Min -0.3 Max 7 5 VDD5V +0.3 5 7.5 100 2 125 260 85 mA kV C C % V Unit V V Note Pin VDD5V Pin VDD3V3 Pins MagRngn, Mode, CSn, CLK, DO, DACout, FB, Vout Pin DACref Pin PROG_DI Norm: JEDEC 78 Norm: MIL 883 E method 3015 Min - 67F ; Max +257F t=20 to 40s, Norm: IPC/JEDEC J-Std-020C Lead finish 100% Sn "matte tin"
5.2
Operating Conditions
Symbol Tamb Isupp VDD5V VDD3V3 VDD5V VDD3V3 4.5 3.0 3.0 3.0 Min -40 16 5.0 3.3 3.3 3.3 Typ Max 125 21 5.5 3.6 3.6 3.6 Unit C mA V V V V 5V operation 3.3V operation (pin VDD5V and VDD3V3 connected) Note -40F...+257F
Parameter Ambient temperature Supply current Supply voltage at pin VDD5V Voltage regulator output voltage at pin VDD3V3 Supply voltage at pin VDD5V Supply voltage at pin VDD3V3
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AS5046 Programmable 360 Magnetic Angle Encoder - Preliminary Data Sheet
5.3
5.3.1
DC Characteristics for Digital Inputs and Outputs
CMOS Schmitt-Trigger Inputs: SCL, CSn (internal Pull-up), Mode (internal Pull-down)
Symbol VIH VIL VIon- VIoff ILEAK IiL IiH 1 -1 -30 30 1 -100 100 A Min 0.7 * VDD5V 0.3 * VDD5V Max Unit V V V Pin CLK, VDD5V = 5.0V Pin CSn, VDD5V= 5.0V Pin Mode, VDD5V= 5.0V Note Normal operation
(operating conditions: Tamb = -40 to +125C, VDD5V = 3.0-3.6V (3V operation) VDD5V = 4.5-5.5V (5V operation) unless otherwise noted) Parameter High level input voltage Low level input voltage Schmitt Trigger hysteresis Input leakage current Pull-up low level input current Pull-down high level input current
5.3.2
CMOS Input: Program Input (Prog)
(operating conditions: Tamb = -40 to +125C, VDD5V = 3.0-3.6V (3V operation) VDD5V = 4.5-5.5V (5V operation) unless otherwise noted)
Parameter High level input voltage High level input voltage Low level input voltage Pull-down high level input current Symbol VIH VPROG VIL IiL Min 0.7 * VDD5V Max 5 Unit V V V A VDD5V: 5.5V During programming Note
See "programming conditions" 0.3 * VDD5V 100
5.3.3
CMOS Output Open Drain: MagRngn
(operating conditions: Tamb = -40 to +125C, VDD5V = 3.0-3.6V (3V operation) VDD5V = 4.5-5.5V (5V operation) unless otherwise noted)
Parameter Low level output voltage Output current Open drain leakage current Symbol VOL IO IOZ Min Max VSS+0.4 4 2 1 Unit V mA A VDD5V: 4.5V VDD5V: 3V Note
5.3.4
Tristate CMOS Output: SDA
Symbol VOH VOL IO Min VDD5V -0.5 VSS+0.4 4 2 Max Unit V V mA mA A VDD5V: 4.5V VDD5V: 3V Note
(operating conditions: Tamb = -40 to +125C, VDD5V = 3.0-3.6V (3V operation) VDD5V = 4.5-5.5V (5V operation) unless otherwise noted) Parameter High level output voltage Low level output voltage Output current
Tri-state leakage current
IOZ
1
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AS5046 Programmable 360 Magnetic Angle Encoder - Preliminary Data Sheet
5.3.5
Resolution
Digital-to-Analog Converter
Symbol Min Typ 10 VOUTM1 VOUTM2 0 0.10 *Vref Vref 0.90 *Vref 8 0.2 VDD3V3 - 0.2 VDD5V / 2 Max Unit bit V V k V V LSB LSB LSB LSB 0......100% Vref (default) 10.....90% Vref Unbuffered Pin DACout (#10) DAC reference = external: Pin: DACref (#9) DAC reference = internal Non-Linearity of DAC and OPAMP; -40....+125C, For all analog modes: 1LSB = Vref / 1024 All analog modes At 360-0 transition, 360 mode only OR1,OR0 = 00 (default) RefExt EN = 1 RefExtEn = 0 (default) ClampMdEn = 0 (default) ClampMdEn = 1 Note OTP setting
Parameter
Output Range
Output resistance DAC reference voltage (DAC full scale range) Integral Non-Linearity Differential Non-Linearity
ROut,DAC
Vref
INLDAC DNLDAC
+/- 1.5 +/- 0.5 1
Analog output hysteresis
Hyst
2
5.3.6
OPAMP Output Stage
Symbol VDD5V CL RL A0 VosOP VoutL VoutH Isink Isource Vnoise 0.95 * VDD5V 4.8 4.6 160 220 2 Gain 50 66 490 4.7 92 -5 130 144 5 Min 3.0 Typ Max 5.5 100 Unit V pF k dB mV 3 sigma Linear range of analog output Permanent short Vout to VDD5V Permanent short Vout to VSS circuit circuit current: current: 3.3V operation Note
Parameter Power Supply Range Parallel Load Capacitance Parallel Load Resistance Open Loop Gain Offset Voltage RTI Output Range Low Output Range High current capability sink current capability source Output noise
0.05 * VDD5V V V mA mA Vrms
Over full temperature range; BW= 1Hz...10MHz,Gain = 2x Internal; OTP: FB_int EN = 1 External OTP: FB_int EN = 0 (default) With external resistors, pins Vout [#12] and FB [#11]: see Figure 17
OPAMP gain (non-inverting)
1
4
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AS5046 Programmable 360 Magnetic Angle Encoder - Preliminary Data Sheet
5.4
Magnetic Input Specification
(operating conditions: Tamb = -40 to +125C, VDD5V = 3.0-3.6V (3V operation) VDD5V = 4.5-5.5V (5V operation) unless otherwise noted) Two-pole cylindrical diametrically magnetised source:
Parameter Diameter Thickness Magnetic input field amplitude Magnetic offset Field non-linearity fmag_abs Symbol dmag tmag Bpk Boff Min 4 2.5 45 75 10 5 10 Typ 6 Max Unit mm mm mT mT % Hz Note
Recommended magnet: O 6mm x 2.5mm for cylindrical magnets
Required vertical component of the magnetic field strength on the die's surface, measured along a concentric circle with a radius of 1.1mm Constant magnetic stray field Including offset gradient Absolute mode: 600 rpm @ readout of 1024 positions (see table 6) Incremental mode: no missing pulses at rotational speeds of up to 10,000 rpm (see table 6) Max. offset between defined device center and magnet axis NdFeB (Neodymium Iron Boron) SmCo (Samarium Cobalt)
Input frequency (rotational speed of magnet)
fmag_inc Disp -0.12 -0.035
166 0.25
Hz mm %/K
Displacement radius Recommended magnet material and temperature drift
5.5
Electrical System Specifications
(operating conditions: Tamb = -40 to +125C, VDD5V = 3.0-3.6V (3V operation) VDD5V = 4.5-5.5V (5V operation) unless otherwise noted)
Parameter Resolution 1) Integral non-linearity (optimum) 1) Symbol RES INLopt Min Typ Max 12 0.5 Unit bit deg Note 0.088 deg Maximum error with respect to the best line fit. Verified at optimum magnet placement, Tamb =25 C. Maximum error with respect to the best line fit. Verified at optimum magnet placement , Tamb = -40 to +125C Best line fit = (Errmax - Errmin) / 2 Integral non-linearity 1) INL 1.4 deg Over displacement tolerance with 6mm diameter magnet, Tamb = -40 to +125C 12bit, no missing codes 1 sigma, fast mode (pin MODE = 1) 1 sigma, slow mode (pin MODE=0 or open) DC supply voltage 3.3V (VDD3V3) DC supply voltage 3.3V (VDD3V3) fast mode (pin MODE=1) ms 80 96 tdelay 384 s slow mode (pin MODE=0 or open) fast mode (pin MODE=1) slow mode (pin MODE=0 or open)
Integral non-linearity (optimum) 1)
INLtemp
0.9
deg
Differential non-linearity 1) Transition noise 1) Power-on reset thresholds On voltage; 300mV typ. hysteresis Off voltage; 300mV typ. hysteresis Power-up time, Until offset compensation finished, OCF = 1, Angular Data valid System propagation delay absolute output : delay of ADC and DSP
DNL TN
0.044 0.06 0.03
deg Deg RMS
Von Voff
1.37 1.08
2.2 1.9
2.9 2.6 20
V V
tPwrUp
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AS5046 Programmable 360 Magnetic Angle Encoder - Preliminary Data Sheet
Parameter Internal sampling rate for absolute output Internal sampling rate for absolute output Read-out frequency
Symbol fS,mode0
Min 2.48 2.35 9.90 9.38 >0
Typ 2.61 2.61 10.42 10.42
Max 2.74 2.87 10.94 11.46 1
Unit kHz
Note Tamb = 25C, slow mode (pin MODE=0 or open) Tamb = -40 to +125C, slow mode (pin MODE=0 or open) Tamb = 25C, fast mode (pin MODE = 1) Tamb = -40 to +125C, : fast mode (pin MODE = 1) Max. clock frequency to read out serial data
fS,mode1 CLK
kHz MHz
Note: 1) digital interface
4095 12bit code
Actual curve
2 1 0
4095
TN DNL+1LSB INL 0.09 Ideal curve
2048
2048
0 0 180
Figure 4: Integral and differential non-linearity (exaggerated curve)
360
[degrees]
Integral Non-Linearity (INL) is the maximum deviation between actual position and indicated position. Differential Non-Linearity (DNL) is the maximum deviation of the step length from one position to the next. Transition Noise (TN) is the repeatability of an indicated position.
5.6
Timing Characteristics
2-wire Serial Interface (operating conditions: Tamb = -40 to +125C, VDD5V = 3.0-3.6V (3V operation) VDD5V = 4.5-5.5V (5V operation) unless otherwise noted)
Parameter Data output activated (logic high) First data shifted to output register Start of data output Data output valid Data output tristate Pulse width of CSn Read-out frequency Symbol t DO active tCLK FE T CLK / 2 t DO valid t DO tristate t CSn fCLK 500 >0 1 500 500 357 375 394 100 Min Typ Max 100 Unit ns ns ns ns ns ns MHz Note Time between falling edge of CSn and data output activated Time between falling edge of CSn and first falling edge of CLK Rising edge of CLK shifts out one bit at a time Time between rising edge of CLK and data output valid After the last bit DO changes back to "tristate" CSn = high; To initiate read-out of next angular position Clock frequency to read out serial data
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AS5046 Programmable 360 Magnetic Angle Encoder - Preliminary Data Sheet
5.7
Programming Conditions
(operating conditions: Tamb = -40 to +125C, VDD5V = 3.0-3.6V (3V operation) VDD5V = 4.5-5.5V (5V operation) unless otherwise noted) Parameter Programming enable time Write data start Write data valid Load programming data Rise time of VPROG before CLK PROG Hold time of VPROG after CLK PROG Write data - programming CLK PROG CLK pulse width Hold time programming of Vprog after Symbol t Prog enable t Data in t Data in valid t Load PROG t PrgR t PrgH CLK PROG t PROG t PROG finished V PROG V ProgOff I PROG
CLKAread Vprogrammed
Min 2 2 250 3 0 0
Typ
Max
Unit s s ns s s
Note Time between rising edge at Prog pin and rising edge of CSn
Write data at the rising edge of CLKPROG
5 250
s kHz s s During programming; 16 clock cycles Programmed data is available after next power-on Must be switched off after zapping Line must be discharged to this level During programming Analog readback mode VRef-VPROG during analog readback mode (see 13)
1.8 2 7.3 0
2
2.2
Programming voltage Programming voltage off level Programming current Analog read CLK Programmed zener voltage (log.1) Unprogrammed zener voltage (log. 0)
7.4
7.5 1 130
100 100
V V mA
kHz mV
Vunprogrammed
1
V
6
Functional Description
The AS5046 is manufactured in a CMOS standard process and uses a spinning current Hall technology for sensing the magnetic field distribution across the surface of the chip. The integrated Hall elements are placed in a circle around the center of the device and deliver a voltage representation of the magnetic field perpendicular to the surface of the IC. Through Sigma-Delta Analog / Digital Conversion and Digital Signal-Processing (DSP) algorithms, the AS5046 provides accurate high-resolution absolute angular position information. For this purpose a Coordinate Rotation Digital Computer (CORDIC) calculates the angle and the magnitude of the Hall array signals. The DSP is also used indicate movements of the magnet towards or away from the chip and to indicate, when the magnetic field is outside of the recommended range (status bits = MagInc, MagDec; hardware pin = MagRngn). In addition, two 8-bit registers are available that allow determination of the magnetic field strength over a wide range.
A small low cost diametrically magnetized (two-pole) standard magnet, centered over the chip, is used as the input device. The AS5046 senses the orientation of the magnetic field and calculates a 12-bit binary code. This code can be accessed via a bi-directional serial two-wire interface. In addition to the digital output, the absolute angle is converted into a 1024-step (10-bit) analog signal, ratiometric to the supply voltage. The analog output can be configured in many ways, such as 360/180/90 or 45 angular range, external or internal DAC reference voltage, 0-100%*VDD or 10-90% *VDD analog output range, external or internal amplifier gain setting. The various output modes as well as a user programmable zero position can be programmed in an OTP register. As long as no programming voltage is applied to pin PROG, the new setting may be overwritten at any time and will be reset to default when power is cycled. To make the setting permanent, the OTP register must be programmed by applying a programming voltage.
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AS5046 Programmable 360 Magnetic Angle Encoder - Preliminary Data Sheet
The AS5046 is tolerant to magnet misalignment and unwanted external magnetic fields due to differential measurement technique and Hall sensor conditioning circuitry. It is also tolerant to airgap and temperature variations due to Sin-/Cos- signal evaluation.
7
3.3V / 5V Operation
The AS5046 operates either at 3.3V 10% or at 5V 10%. This is made possible by an internal 3.3V LowDropout (LDO) Voltage regulator. The core supply voltage is always taken from the LDO output, as the internal blocks are always operating at 3.3V.For 3.3V operation, the LDO must be bypassed by connecting VDD3V3 with VDD5V (see Figure 5 ). For 5V operation, the 5V supply is connected to pin VDD5V, while VDD3V3 (LDO output) must be buffered by a 2.2...10F capacitor, which should be placed close to the supply pin (see Figure 5). The VDD3V3 output is intended for internal use only It should not be loaded with an external load. The voltage levels of the digital interface I/O's correspond to the voltage at pin VDD5V, as the I/O buffers are supplied from this pin (see Figure 5). A buffer capacitor of 100nF is recommended in both cases close to pin VDD5V. Note that pin VDD3V3 must always be buffered by a capacitor. It must not be left floating, as this may cause an instable internal 3.3V supply voltage which may lead to larger than normal jitter of the measured angle.
5V Operation
22...10F
VDD3V3
100n
VDD5V
LDO
Internal VDD DO
4.5 - 5.5V
I N T E R F A C E
MODE CLK CSn
VSS
Prog
3.3V Operation
VDD3V3
100n
VDD5V
LDO
Internal VDD DO
3.0 - 3.6V
I N T E R F A C E
MODE CLK CSn
VSS
Prog
Figure 5: Connections for 5V / 3.3V supply voltages
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AS5046 Programmable 360 Magnetic Angle Encoder - Preliminary Data Sheet
8
Two Wire Serial Interface
The AS5046 is accessible via an bi-directional serial interface. CSn must be low during serial data transmission.
8.1
Serial Interface Timing Diagrams
The registers in the AS5046 are available in a data length of 8 bit (1 byte), 24 bit (3 bytes) and 32 bit (4 bytes). Shown below in Figure 6 is a common 8-bit data transfer.
Figure 6: 8-bit serial Read / Write timing
Figure 7 shows a transfer timing diagram for the first 16 bits of the Serial Interface Unit.
Figure 7: 16-bit serial Read / Write timing
9
Accessible Registers for Serial Interface
Status Register
Internal Type Identifier
Internal Address
Register Bit Count
Read / Write
Note 10 bit angle
Serial Interface Unit
0101
000
Programmable with A2...A0 1)
6 bit status 32 Read only 8 bit magnitude 2 bit angle
Hall Sensor Front End
0001
000 -111 fixed address range 000 000 fixed address Fixed address
8 24 8
Read / Write Read / Write
2)
8 selectable Hall front-end status registers 12bit SIN , 12bit COS input AGC Counter
ADC outputs, SIN/COS 0100 signal bus Automatic Gain Control 0111
Read / Write
3)
Table 2: Serial register overview
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AS5046 Programmable 360 Magnetic Angle Encoder - Preliminary Data Sheet
Notes: 1) 2) 3) This address is also modified with the analog mode setting Writing a value to any of the SIN- COS- registers halts the conversion loop and calculates an angle that is given by the values in the SIN and COS registers. A Read command from these registers restarts the automatic conversion loop. Writing a value to the AGC counter register halts the automatic gain control loop and sets the AGC to the value written in this register. The angle conversion loop continues to operate. A Read command from the AGC register restarts the automatic gain control loop.
9.1
Serial Interface Unit (Type ID: 0101)
The Serial Interface Unit contains 32 bits of data:
Note that the angle information is only valid, if the Hall Sensor Front-end is configured properly. See Table 4 for more information.
9.1.1
12-bit Angle Information
the 12-bit angle data consists of two blocks: the upper 10-bits in bytes 1 & 2 and the lower two bits in byte 4
9.1.2
6-bit Status Information
Status bit 1 Status bit 2 SIU bit 11 SIU bit 12 Offset Comp Finish CORDIC Over Flow OCF COF must be 1 for valid data must be 0; if this bit is set, the angular data is invalid LINearity warning bit. Should be 0 for normal operation. Will be 1 when the magnetic field is too high or too low This bit is set temporarily when the magnetic field increases, when the magnet is pushed towards the IC This bit is set temporarily when the magnetic field decreases, when the magnet is pulled away from the IC Even parity check bit of bytes 1 & 2
Status bit 3
SIU bit 13
Lin Alarm
LIN
Status bit 4
SIU bit 14
Mag Incr.
M_I
Status bit 5 Status bit 6
SIU bit 15 SIU bit 16
Mag Decr. Even Parity
M_D P
Table 3: Status bits of byte 2 of the SIU
9.1.3
8-bit Magnitude Information
The magnitude information is a value that is proportional to the magnetic field strength. A strong magnet (or close distance between magnet and chip) will result in a high magnitude value and vice versa. When the automatic gain control (AGC) is active (default state), it tries to keep the magnitude value stable at a value of 3FH.
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AS5046 Programmable 360 Magnetic Angle Encoder - Preliminary Data Sheet
9.2
Hall Sensor Front End (Type ID: 0001)
The Hall Sensor Front End allows configuration of each Hall Sensor. Each sensor can be disabled or connected to either the SIN or COS signal bus. Additionally, each sensor can be inverted for differential measurement. Each Hall Sensor is selected through a device address for the type identifier 0001, address 000 selects Hall Sensor H0 (see Figure 8) address 111 selects Hall Sensor H7 (see Figure 8)
Figure 8: Location of Hall Elements on chip (top view)
Note: If the magnet is placed like shown in Figure 8 the encoder reading will be of zero.
For each Hall Sensor, the corresponding Front End contains 8 bits Type ID: 0001 Addr. 000...111 TestEN SenseEN NC NC Byte1 COS_EN SIN_EN INV PD
TestEN: SenseEN: COS_EN: SIN_EN: INV: PD:
always set to 0 set to 1 for enabled Hall Elements, set to 0 for disabled Hall Elements set to 0 for disabled Hall Elements, set to 1 if this Hall Element should be added to the COS signal bus. It is also possible to enable multiple Hall sensors to this bus set to 0 for disabled Hall Elements, set to 1 if this Hall Element should be added to the SIN signal bus. It is also possible to enable multiple Hall sensors to this bus set to 1 if the Hall Element should be inverted for differential measurement. set to 0 if the Hall Element should not be inverted set to 0 for normal operation, set to 1 if the Hall Sensor should be powered down.
Note: When enabling or disabling individual Hall elements to the SIN- and COS- signal buses it is recommended to allow several milliseconds (typ. 5ms) of dwelling time until the signal is stable and eventual offsets are compensated.
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AS5046 Programmable 360 Magnetic Angle Encoder - Preliminary Data Sheet
9.3
Hall Sensor Front-End Configuration
The default configuration for the Hall Sensor Front-End is set for angle measurement. This configuration must always be programmed when an angle should be measured and read from the Serial Interface Unit register. Addr FE0 FE1 FE2 FE3 FE4 FE5 FE6 FE7 000 001 010 011 100 101 110 111 testEN 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 SenseEN 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 NC 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 NC 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 COS_EN 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 SIN_EN 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 Inv 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 PD 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Table 4: Hall Sensor Front-End default configuration
The following configuration example selects Hall Sensor 0 and assigns it to the SIN signal bus: Addr FE0 FE1 FE2 FE3 FE4 FE5 FE6 FE7 000 001 010 011 100 101 110 111 testEN 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 SenseEN 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 NC 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 NC 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 COS_EN 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 SIN_EN 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Inv 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 PD 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Table 5: Example: Readout of a single Hall Sensor (Sensor #0)
This example uses two opposite Hall sensors 1 and 5 in differential mode and assigns the resulting signal to the COS signal bus: Addr FE0 FE1 FE2 FE3 FE4 FE5 FE6 FE7 000 001 010 011 100 101 110 111 testEN 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 SenseEN 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 NC 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 NC 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 COS_EN 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 SIN_EN 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Inv 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 PD 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Table 6: Example: Differential measurement of two opposite Hall Sensors (#1 and 5)
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AS5046 Programmable 360 Magnetic Angle Encoder - Preliminary Data Sheet
9.4
Analog-Digital Converter Outputs, SIN/COS Signal Bus (Type ID: 0100)
Byte 1 12-bit ADC output: COS signal bus Byte 2 12-bit ADC output: SIN signal bus Upper 8 bits 6 5 4 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 Byte 3 COS signal bus Lower 4 bits 2 1 0 3 SIN signal bus Lower 4 bits 2 1 0
Type ID: 0100
Addr. 000 11 10
Upper 8 bits 9 8 7
The analog signals on the SIN- and COS- buses are converted into a signed 12-bit digital value by two ADC's, one for each bus. To read the signal from one or more Hall Sensors, first assign a signal bus (SIN, COS) for each Hall Sensor in the Hall Sensor front-end and then read the corresponding amplitude value from the ADC output register. Note that the ADC's are 14-bit (see Block diagram, Figure 2), but only 12-bit are available to the user. The available 12-bit ADC output is again split into an upper 8-bit block (available in bytes 1 & 2) and a lower 4-bit block in byte 3. The resulting 12-bit value is formatted as a signed 12-bit value and has a range from -2048...+2047 (decimal). Bit 11 (MSB) is the sign bit; if this bit is set, the Sin/Cos value is negative.
9.5
Automatic Gain Control Register (Type ID: 0111)
The Automatic Gain Control is active in the "green" range of the magnetic field, when the magnetic field is within ~35...63mT. If the magnetic field is too low, e.g. when the magnet is too far away from the chip, the AGC register will be FFH, if the magnetic field is too strong, e.g. when the magnet is too close to the chip, the AGC register will be 00H. The Automatic Gain control can be disabled by writing a value into this register. It will be enabled by reading from this register. The AGC tries to maintain a constant magnitude value of 3FH. If the AGC has reached its upper or lower limit, the magnitude value can no longer be maintained ad 3FH and will also change accordingly (see 9.1.3 and 9.6).
Type ID: 0111 Addr. 000 AGC7 AGC6 AGC5 AGC5
Byte 1 AGC3 AGC2 AGC1 AGC0
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AS5046 Programmable 360 Magnetic Angle Encoder - Preliminary Data Sheet
9.6
AGC and Magnitude Registers
The AS5046 allows the readout of two additional registers related to magnetic field strength: magnitude and AGC registers. Figure 9 shows a graphic example of the interrelations of these two registers in respect to the magnetic field strength of the magnet (all register levels are in decimal format). at a low magnetic field strength (below level B1 / B2) the magnitude will be <32 and the AGC will be at maximum: 255. the LIN status bit will be set (red range). It is not recommended to operate in this range, although the AS5046 will still produce usable results at very weak magnetic fields. if the magnetic field strength is further increased above a magnitude value of 32, LIN will be cleared. The AGC will remain at 255 until the magnitude has reached a value of 63 (yellow range; level B3/B4). The angular data can still be used in the yellow range, but the noise (=jitter) will be larger than normal. Once the magnitude is strong enough to reach a value of 63, the AGC will regulate the internal loop gain to maintain this value. Magnitude will remain at 63 and the AGC will regulate between 0 and 255 (green range; magnetic field strength between level B3/B4 and B5/B6). This is the recommended operating range If the magnetic field strength rises further than B5/B4, the AGC can no longer regulate the loop and will be at its minimum value of 0. The magnitude value will increase (yellow range; up to B7/B8). In this range, the angular data will still be valid. Due to the rather strong field, there is no issue with noise, but the magnetic field may be more distorted than in the normal operating range which may lead to additional errors. Above level B7/B8 the LIN alarm will be set once the magnitude has exceeded a level of 95 (red range). It is not recommended to operate in this range. The main contributing part for errors will be a more distorted magnetic field. If the magnitude exceeds a value of 127, the COF (cordic overflow) alarm will be set. This case can only occur with very strong magnets and does usually not occur in practice. The angular data will be invalid when the COF bit is set.
Figure 9: Magnitude and AGC values vs. magnetic field strength
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AS5046 Programmable 360 Magnetic Angle Encoder - Preliminary Data Sheet
Parameter Input Field tolerance level red2yellow B1 - B2 Input Field tolerance level yellow2green B3 - B4 Input Field tolerance level green2yellow B5 - B6 Input Field tolerance level yellow2red B7 - B8 Input Field tolerance level red2yellow B1 - B2 Input Field tolerance level yellow2green B3 - B4 Input Field tolerance level green2yellow B5 - B6 Input Field tolerance level yellow2red B7 - B8
Symbol Br2y25 By2g25 Bg2y25 By2r25 Br2y By2g Bg2y By2r 16.77 33.01 60.0 90.45 15.64 30.80 55.96 84.39
Min 17.95 35.35 64.24 96.87 17.95 35.35 64.24 96.87
Typ 19.33 38.06 69.15
Max
Unit mT mT mT mT mT mT mT mT
Note
At 25C ambient temperature
104.28 22.37 44.05 80.04 120.69
Over the full specified temperature range
9.7
Z-Axis Range Indication (Push Button Feature, Red/Yellow/Green Indicator
The AS5046 provides several options of detecting movement and distance of the magnet in the vertical (Z-) direction. Signal indicators MagINC, MagDEC and LIN are available as status bits in the serial data stream, while MagRngn is an open-drain output that indicates an out-of range status (on in YELLOW or RED range). Additionally, the analog output provides a safety feature in the form that it will be turned off when the magnetic field is too strong or too weak (RED range). The serial data is always available, the red/yellow/green status is indicated by the status bits as shown below:
Status Bits Mag INC 0 0 1 1 Mag DEC 0 1 0 1 LIN
Hardware Pins Mag Rngn Off Off Off On Analog output enabled enabled enabled enabled Description
0 0 0 0
No distance change Magnetic Input Field OK (GREEN range, ~45...75mT) Distance increase, GREEN range; Pull-function. This state is dynamic and only active while the magnet is moving away from the chip. Distance decrease, GREEN range; Push- function. This state is dynamic and only active while the magnet is moving towards the chip. YELLOW Range: Magnetic field is ~ 25...45mT or ~75...135mT. The AS5046 may still be operated in this range, but with slightly reduced accuracy. RED Range: Magnetic field is ~<25mT or >~135mT. The analog output will be turned off in this range by default. It can be enabled permanently by OTP programming (see 11.1.2). It is still possible to use the absolute serial interface in the red range, but not recommended.
Table 7: Magnetic field strength indicators
1
1
1
On
disabled
10 Mode Input Pin
The absolute angular position is sampled at a rate of 10.4kHz (t=96s) in fast mode and at a rate of 2.6kHz (t=384s) in slow mode. These modes are selected by pin MODE (#2). The mode input pin activates or deactivates an internal filter, which is used to reduce the digital jitter and consequently the analog output noise.
Activating the filter by pulling Mode = LOW or leaving it open reduces the transition noise to <0.03 rms. At the same time, the sampling rate is reduced to 2.6kHz and the signal propagation delay is increased to 384s. This mode is recommended for high precision, low speed and 360 applications. Deactivating the filter by setting Mode = HIGH increases the sampling rate to 10.4kHz and reduces the signal propagation delay to 96s. The transition noise will increase to <0.06 rms. This mode is recommended for higher speed and full scale = 360 applications.
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AS5046 Programmable 360 Magnetic Angle Encoder - Preliminary Data Sheet
Switching the MODE pin affects the following parameters:
Parameter sampling rate
Slow Mode (Pin MODE = 0 or open) 2.61 kHz (383s)
Fast Mode (Pin MODE = 1) 10.42 kHz (95.9s) 0.06 rms 96s 80ms
Table 8: Mode pin settings
transition noise (1 sigma) propagation delay Startup time
0.03 rms 384s 20ms
Pin MODE should be fixed at power-up. A mode change during operation is not recommended.
Parallel Mode
The Parallel Mode allows connection of up to 8 AS5046's in parallel on the SCL and SDA line, maintaining just two wires for data transmission. This mode is accomplished by connecting all the SDA and SCL inputs/outputs in parallel. Each AS5046 device can be programmed one address ranging from 0...7 (see Table 2)
C
AS5046 1st Device Addr. 000
CSn SDA SCL SDA SCL SDA
AS5046 2nd Device Addr. 001
CSn SCL
AS5046 8th Device Addr. 111
CSn SDA SCL
Figure 10: Parallel connection of up to 8 devices
Note that the parallel connection has some restrictions: * * * Each unit must be programmed to have a different address (ranging from 000 to 111; see Table 2) Changing the address also changes the analog mode, as these OTP bits share the same position.(see Figure 13) Only the SIU containing angle data and status bits can be read from parallel devices (type ID 0101). The other registers all share the same type identifier (0001, 1011, 0111; see Table 2), which would lead to data collision when trying to read any of these registers from parallel devices.
11 Ratiometric Analog Angle Output
The analog output Vout provides an analog voltage that is proportional to the angle of the rotating magnet and ratiometric to the supply voltage VDD5V (max.5.5V). It can source or sink currents up to 1mA in normal operation (up to 66mA short circuit current). The analog output block consists of a digital angular range selector, a 10-bit Digital-to-Analog converter and an OPAMP buffer stage (see Figure 17). The digital range selector allows a preselection of the angular range for 360, 180, 90 or 45 (see Table 9). Fine-tuning of the angular range can be accomplished by adjusting the gain of the OPAMP buffer stage. The reference voltage for the Digital-to-Analog converter (DAC) can be taken internally from VDD5V / 2. In this mode, the output voltage is ratiometric to the supply voltage. Alternatively, an external DAC reference can be applied at pin DACref (#9). In this mode, the analog output is ratiometric to the external reference voltage.
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AS5046 Programmable 360 Magnetic Angle Encoder - Preliminary Data Sheet
An on-chip diagnostic feature turns the analog output off in case of an error (broken supply or magnetic field out of range; see Table 7).The DAC output can be accessed directly at pin #10 DACout. The addition of an OPAMP to the DAC output allows a variety of user configurable options, such as variable output voltage ranges and variable output voltage versus angle response. By adding an external transistor, the analog voltage output can be buffered to allow output currents up to hundred milliamperes or more. Furthermore, the OPAMP can be configured as constant current source. As an OTP option, the DAC can be configured to 2 different output ranges: a) 0......100% VDACref. The reference point may be either taken from VDD5V/2 or from the external DACref input. The 0...100% range allows easy replacement of potentiometers. Due to the nature of rail-to-rail outputs, the linearity will degrade at output voltages that are close to the supply rails. b) 10.....90% VDACref. This range allows better linearity, as the OPAMP is not driven to the rails. Furthermore, this mode allows failure detection, when the analog output voltage is outside of the normal operating range of 10...90%VDD, as in the case of broken supply or when the magnetic field is out of range and the analog output is turned off.
11.1 Analog Output Voltage Modes
The Analog output voltage modes are programmable by OTP. Depending on the application, the analog output can be selected as rail-to-rail output or as clamped output with 10%-90% VDD5V. The output is ratiometric to the supply voltage (VDD5V), which can range from 3.0V to 5.5V. If the DAC reference is switched to an external reference (pin DACref), the output is ratiometric to the external reference.
11.1.1
Full Scale Mode
This output mode provides a ratiometric DAC output of (0% to 100%)x Vref *) , amplified by the OPAMP stage (default = internal 2x gain, see Figure 17)
Vref 100%
analog output voltage
Note: For simplification, Figure 11 describes a linear output voltage from rail to rail (0V to VDD). In practice, this is not feasible due to saturation effects of the OPAMP output driver transistors. The actual curve will be rounded towards the supply rails (as indicated in Figure 11).
angle 0 90 180 270 360
0V
Figure 11: Analog output, full scale mode (shown for 360mode)
Note: Figure 11 and are shown for 360 operation. See Table 9 (page 24) for further angular range programming options.
11.1.2
Diagnostic Output Mode
In an error case, the output voltage is in the grey area
Vref 100% 90% analog output voltage
normal operating area
10% 0% 0 90 180 270 360 angle
In Diagnostic Output Mode (see Figure 12) the analog output of the internal DAC ranges from 10% - 90% Vref *) . In an error case, either when the supply is interrupted or when the magnetic field is in the "red" range, (see Table 7) the output is switched to 0V and thus indicates the error condition.
Figure 12: Diagnostic Output Mode Revision 1.1 www.austriamicrosystems.com Page 18 of 33
AS5046 Programmable 360 Magnetic Angle Encoder - Preliminary Data Sheet
It is possible to enable the analog output permanently (it will not be switched off even if the magnetic field is out of range). To enable this feature an OTP bit in the factory setting must be set. The corresponding bit is FS6. See application note AS5040-20 (Extended features of OTP programming) for further details. The application note is available for download at the austriamicrosystems website.
The analog and digital outputs will have the following conditions:
Status DAC Output Voltage Serial Digital Output
normal operation magnetic field out of range
10% - 90% Vref
1)
#0 - #1023 (0-360), MagRngn = 1 #0 - #1023 (0-360) out of range is signaled in status bits: MagInc=MagDec=LIN=1, MagRngn= 0
< 10% Vref 1) , DAC output is switched to 0V
(this feature may be disabled in OTP; see text)
broken positive power supply (VOUT pull down resistor at receiving side) broken power supply ground (VOUT pull down resistor at receiving side) broken positive power supply (VOUT pull up resistor at receiving side) broken power supply ground (VOUT pull up resistor at receiving side)
< 10% VDD 2)
< 10% VDD 2)
> 90% VDD 2)
The serial data bits read by the serial interface will be either all "0"-s or all "1"-s, indicating a nonvalid output
> 90% VDD 2)
Notes: 1) 2) Vref = internal: 1/2 * VDD5V (pin #16) or external: VDACref (pin#9), depending on Ref_extEN bit in OTP (0=int., 1=ext.) VDD = positive supply voltage at receiving side (3.0 - 5.5V)
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AS5046 Programmable 360 Magnetic Angle Encoder - Preliminary Data Sheet
12 Programming the AS5046
After power-on, programming the AS5046 is enabled with the rising edge of CSn and Prog = logic high. 16 bit configuration data must be serially shifted into the OTP register via the Prog-pin. The first "CCW" bit is followed by the zero position data (MSB first) and the Analog Output Mode setting as shown in Table 9. Data must be valid at the rising edge of CLK (see Figure 13). Following this sequence, the voltage at pin Prog must be raised to the programming voltage VPROG (see Figure 14). 16 CLK pulses (tPROG) must be applied to program the fuses. To exit the programming mode, the chip must be reset by a power-on-reset. The programmed data is available after the next power-up. Note: During the programming process, the transitions in the programming current may cause high voltage spikes generated by the inductance of the connection cable. To avoid these spikes and possible damage to the IC, the connection wires, especially the signals PROG and VSS must be kept as short as possible. The maximum wire length between the VPROG switching transistor and pin PROG (Figure 15) should not exceed 50mm (2 inches). To suppress eventual voltage spikes, a 10nF ceramic capacitor should be connected close to pins PROG and VSS. This capacitor is only required for programming, it
is not required for normal operation. The clock timing tclk must be selected at a proper rate to ensure that the signal PROG is stable at the rising edge of CLK (see Figure 13). Additionally, the programming supply voltage should be buffered with a 10F capacitor mounted close to the switching transistor. This capacitor aids in providing peak currents during programming. The specified programming voltage at pin PROG is 7.3 - 7.5V (see section 5.7). To compensate for the voltage drop across the VPROG switching transistor, the applied programming voltage may be set slightly higher (7.5 8.0V, see Figure 15).
OTP Register Contents: CCW Counter Clockwise Bit ccw=0 - angular value increases with clockwise rotation ccw=1 - angular value increases with counterclockwise rotation Z [9:0]: Programmable Zero / Index Position FB_intEN: OPAMP gain setting: 0=external, 1=internal; this bit also sets device address bit A2 ! RefExtEN: DAC reference: 0=internal, 1=external; this bit also sets device address bit A1 ! Analog output span: 0=0-100%, 1=10-90%*VDD; this bit also sets device address bit A0
ClampMd EN:
Output Range (OR0, OR1): Analog Output Range Selection [1:0] 00 = 360 01 = 180 10 = 90 11 = 45 Disable shutdown of analog output : see 11.1.2
CSn
tDatain
FB_int EN A2 RefExt EN A1 Clamp Md En A0 Output Range1 Output Range0
Prog
CCW
Z9
Z8
Z7
Z6
Z5
Z4
Z3
Z2
Z1
Z0
SCL
1
8
16
tProg enable
tDatain valid
tclk see text Zero Position Analog Modes
Figure 13: Programming Access - OTP Write Cycle (section of Figure 14)
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AS5046 Programmable 360 Magnetic Angle Encoder - Preliminary Data Sheet
Write Data CSn
Programming Mode
Power Off
Prog SCL
Data 1 16
7.5V VDD VProgOff 0V
tLoad PROG
tPrgH tPrgR tPROG
tPROG finished
Figure 14: Complete OTP programming sequence
Figure 15: OTP programming hardware connection of AS5046 (shown with AS5046 demoboard)
12.1 Zero Position Programming
The AS5046 allows easy assembly of the system, as the actual angle of the magnet does not need to be considered. By OTP programming, any position can be assigned as the new permanent zero position with an accuracy of 0.35 (all modes). Using the same procedure, the AS5046 can be calibrated to assign a given output voltage to a given angle. With this approach, all offset errors (DAC + OPAMP) are also compensated for the calibrated position.
Essentially, for a given mechanical position, the angular measurement system is electrically rotated (by changing the Zero Position value in the OTP register), until the output matches the desired mechanical position.
The example in Figure 16 below shows a configuration for 5V supply voltage and 10%-90% output voltage range. It adjusted by Zero Position Programming to provide an analog output voltage of 2.0 Volts at an angle of 180. The slope of the curve may be further adjusted by changing the gain of the OPAMP output stage and by selecting the desired angular range (360/180/90/45).
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USB
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AS5046 Programmable 360 Magnetic Angle Encoder - Preliminary Data Sheet
VDD5V 5V analog output voltage 2V 0V
the output can be electrically rotated to match a given output voltage to any mechanical position
0
90
180
270
360
mechanical angle
Figure 16: Zero position programming (shown for 360 mode)
12.2 Analog Mode Programming
The analog output can be configured in many ways: It consists of three major building blocks, a digital range preselector, a 10-bit Digital-to-Analog-Converter (DAC) and an OP-AMP buffer stage.
In the default configuration (all OTP bits = 0), the analog output is set for 360 operation, internal DAC reference (VDD5V/2), external OPAMP gain, 0-100% ratiometric to VDD5V. Shown below is a typical example for a 0-360 range, 0-5V output. The complete application requires only one external component, a buffer capacitor at VDD3V3 and has only 3 connections VDD, VSS and Vout (connectors 1-3). Note: the default setting for the OPAMP feedback path is:FB_intEn=0=external. The external resistors Rf and Rg must be installed. In the programmed state (FB_intEn=1=internal), these resistors do not need to be installed as the feedback path is internal (Rf_int and Rg_int).
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AS5046 Programmable 360 Magnetic Angle Encoder - Preliminary Data Sheet
Magnetic field range alarm. Active low. Leave open or connect to VSS if not used
1
Mode pin. Default = open (low noise)
2
External DAC reference pin. Leave open or connect to VSS if not used
9
16 VDD5V
MagRngn
Mode
DACref
1= ext 0 0 1 1 OR1 from DSP 360 180 90 45 OR0 0 1 0 1 Vref 10 bit digital VDD5V / 2 0= int
10 DACout 0 - 100 % VDD5 V /2 10bit analog
DAC output pin. Leave open if no used
Range Selector
DAC
+
VOUT 12
ClampMdEN 0 = 0-100 % * Vref ( def.) 1 = 10-9 0 % * Vref
0=ext 1=int FB_intEN Gain = 2 x (int)
Rf_int 30k
Rf
Rg_int 30k FB 11
CSn SCL SDO PROG 3 4 6 8
for OTP programming and alignment mode only. Leave open or connect to VSS if not used
NC 5
NC 13
NC 14 VDD
VSS 7
OP-Amp feedback pin. Leave open if not used.
Digital serial interface, 10bit/360. Leave open if not used. CSn and CLK may also be tied to VSS if no used
Test pins . Leave open
Vout
0
Figure 17: Analog output block diagram
12.2.1
Angular Range Selector
The response curve for the analog output is linear for the selected range (45/90/180/360). In addition, the slope is mirrored at 180 for 45- and 90- modes and has a step response at 270 for the 180-mode. This allows the AS5046 to be used in a variety of applications. In these three modes, the output remains at Vout,max and Vout,min to avoid a sudden output change when the mechanical angle is rotated beyond the selected analog range. In 360-mode, a jitter between Vout,max and Vout,min at the 360 point is also prevented due to a hysteresis.
The Angular Range selector allows a digital pre-selection of the angular range. The AS5046 can be configured for a full scale angular range of 45, 90, 180 or 360. In addition, the Output voltage versus angle response can be fine-tuned by setting the gain of the OP-AMP with external resistors and the maximum output voltage can be set in the DAC. The combination of these options allows to configure the operation range of the AS5046 for all angles up to 360 and output voltages up to 5.5V
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+ 1-10F RLmin = 4k7 CL <100pF Rg 360 angle
REF_ extEN
LDO 3.3V
15 VDD3V3
Connect pins 15 and 16 for VDD = 3.0 - 3.6V. Do NOT connect for VDD = 4.5 - 5.5V!
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AS5046 Programmable 360 Magnetic Angle Encoder - Preliminary Data Sheet
Output Range1
Output Range0
Mode
3 60 a n g ula r ran g e (de fa u lt)
Note
1 0 23
a na lo g ou tp u t
default mode, analog resolution= 10bit (1024 steps) over 360
0
0
0
0 0
1024 90
2 0 48 180
3 0 72 270
4 09 6 = 0 360
a ng le 1 )
analog step size: 1LSB = 0.35 (10bit)
1 80 a n g ula r ran g e
1 0 23
a n a log o u tp u t
analog resolution= 10bit (1024 steps) over 180 Analog step size:
0
1
0
0 0
1 0 24 90
2 04 8 180
3 0 72 270
4 09 6 = 0 360
a n g le
1LSB = 0.175 (11bit)
9 0 a n g u la r ra ng e
1 0 23
a n a log o u tp u t
1
0
analog resolution= 10bit (1024 steps) over 90 Analog step size: 1LSB = 0.088 (12bit)
a n g le
0
0 0
1 0 24 90
2 04 8 180
3 0 72 270
4 09 6 = 0 360
4 5 a n g u la r ra ng e
511
analog resolution= 1 1
a n a log o u tp u t
9 bit (512 steps) over 45
25 6 0 225
0
0 5 12 1 0 24 0 45 90
2 04 8 180
4 09 6 = 0 360
a n g le
Analog step size: 1LSB = 0.088 (12bit)
Note: 1) The resolution on the digital serial interface is always 12bit (0.088/step) over 360, independent of analog mode
Table 9: Digital Range Selector programming option
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AS5046 Programmable 360 Magnetic Angle Encoder - Preliminary Data Sheet
12.3 Repeated OTP Programming
Although a single AS5046 OTP register bit can be programmed only once (from 0 to 1), it is possible to program other, unprogrammed bits in subsequent programming cycles. However, a bit that has already been programmed should not be programmed twice. Therefore it is recommended that bits that are already programmed are set to "0" during a programming cycle.
The default full scale output voltage range is 0100%*VDD5V. Due to limitations in the output stage of an OP-Amp buffer, it cannot drive the output voltage from 0-100% rail-to-rail. Without load, the minimum output voltage at 0 will be a few millivolts higher than 0V and the maximum output voltage will be slightly lower than VDD5V. With increasing load, the voltage drops will increase accordingly. As a programming option, an output range of 1090%*VDD5V can be selected. In this mode, there is no saturation at the upper and lower output voltage limits like in the 0-100% mode and it allows failure detection as the output voltage will be outside the 10-90% limits, when the magnetic field is in the "red" range (Vout=0V, see Table 7) or when the supply to the chip is interrupted (Vout=0V or VDD5V). The unbuffered output of the DAC is accessible at pin #10 (DACout). This output must not be loaded.
12.4 Non-permanent Programming
It is also possible to re-configure the AS5046 in a nonpermanent way by overwriting the OTP register. This procedure is essentially a "Write Data" sequence (see Figure 13) without a subsequent OTP programming cycle. The "Write Data" sequence may be applied at any time during normal operation. This configuration remains set while the power supply voltage is above the power-on reset level (see 5.5). See Application Note AN5000-20 for further information.
12.6 OP-AMP Stage
The DAC output is buffered by a non-inverting Op-Amp stage. The amplifier is supplied by VDD5V (pin #16) and can hence provide output voltages up to 5V. By allowing access to the inverting input of the Op-Amp and with the addition of a few discrete components it can be configured in many ways, like high current buffer, current sink output, adjustable angle range, etc... Per default, the gain of the Op-Amp must be set by two external resistors (see Figure 17). Optionally, the fixed internal gain setting (2x) may be programmed by OTP, eliminating the need for external resistors.
12.5 Digital-to-Analog Converter (DAC)
The DAC has a resolution of 10bit (1024 steps) and can be configured for the following options
Internal or external reference The default DAC reference is the voltage at pin #16 (VDD5V) divided by 2 (see Figure 17). Using this reference, a system that has an output voltage ratiometric to the supply voltage can be built.
Optionally, an external reference source, applied at pin#9 (DACref) can be used. This programming option is useful for applications requiring a precise output voltage that is independent of supply fluctuations, for current sink outputs or for applications with a dynamic reference, e.g. attenuation of audio signals.
12.6.1
Output Noise
The Noise level at the analog output depends on two states of the digital angular output: a) the digital angular output value is stable In this case, the output noise is the figure given as Vnoise in paragraph 0. Note that the noise level is given for the default gain of 2x For other gains, it must be scaled accordingly. the digital output is at the edge of a step In this case, the digital output may jitter between two adjacent values. The rate of jitter is specified as transition noise (parameter TN in paragraph 5.5). The resulting output noise is calculated by:
0-100% or 10-90% full scale range The reference voltage for the DAC is buffered internally. The recommended range for the external reference voltage is 0.2V to (VDD3V3 -0.2)V. The DAC output voltage will be switched to 0V, when the magnetic field is out of range, when the MagInc and MagDec indicators are both =1 and the MagRngn-pin (#1) will go low. b)
Vnoise ,Vout =
TN VDD5V + Vnoise ,OPAMP 360
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AS5046 Programmable 360 Magnetic Angle Encoder - Preliminary Data Sheet
where: Vnoise, Vout TN VDD5V Vnoise,OPAMP = noise level at pin Vout in Vrms = transition noise (in rms; see 5.5) = Supply voltage VDD5V in V = noise level of OPAMP (paragraph 0) in Vrms
12.7 Application Examples
Application Note AN5043-10 shows various application examples for the AS5043 encoder IC. The same application examples apply for the analog output of the AS5046.
13 Analog Readback Mode
Non-volatile programming (OTP) uses on-chip zener diodes, which become permanently low resistive when subjected to a specified reverse current. The quality of the programming process depends on the amount of current that is applied during the programming process (up to 130mA). This current must be provided by an external voltage source. If this voltage source cannot provide adequate power, the zener diodes may not be programmed properly. In order to verify the quality of the programmed bits, an analog level can be read for each zener diode, giving an indication whether this particular bit was properly programmed or not. To put the AS5046 in Analog Readback Mode, a digital sequence must be applied to pins CSn, PROG and CLK as shown in Figure 18. The digital level for this pin depends on the supply configuration (3.3V or 5V; see section 7, page 9). The second rising edge on CSn (OutpEN) changes pin PROG to a digital output and the log. high signal at pin PROG must be removed to avoid collision of outputs (grey area in Figure 18). The following falling slope of CSn changes pin PROG to an analog output, providing a reference voltage Vref, that must be saved as a reference for the calculation of the subsequent programmed and unprogrammed OTP bits. Following this step, each rising slope of CLK outputs one bit of data in the reverse order as during programming. (see Figure 18: Output Range OR0 and -1 , ClampMdEn, RefExtEn, FB_IntEn, Z0...Z9, ccw) During analog readback, the capacitor at pin PROG (see Figure 15) should be removed to allow a fast readout rate. The measured analog voltage for each bit must be subtracted from the previously measured Vref, and the resulting value gives an indication on the quality of the programmed bit: a reading of <100mV indicates a properly programmed bit and a reading of >1V indicates a properly unprogrammed bit. A reading between 100mV and 1V indicates a faulty bit, which may result in an undefined digital value, when the OTP is read at power-up. Following the 16 th clock (after reading bit "ccw"), the chip must be reset by disconnecting the power supply.
Figure 18: Analog OTP Register Read Revision 1.1 www.austriamicrosystems.com Page 26 of 33
AS5046 Programmable 360 Magnetic Angle Encoder - Preliminary Data Sheet
14 Alignment Mode
The alignment mode simplifies centering the magnet over the chip to gain maximum accuracy and XY-alignment tolerance. This electrical centering method allows a wider XYalignment tolerance (0.485mm radius) than mechanical centering (0.25mm radius) as it eliminates the placement tolerance of the die within the IC package (+/- 0.235mm). Alignment mode can be enabled with the falling edge of CSn while PROG = logic high (Figure 19). The Data bits D11-D0 of the serial interface change to a 12-bit displacement amplitude output. A high value indicates large X or Y displacement, but also higher absolute magnetic field strength. The magnet is properly aligned, when the difference between highest and lowest value over one full turn is at a minimum. Under normal conditions, a properly aligned magnet will result in a reading of less than 128 over a full turn. Stronger magnets or short gaps between magnet and IC may show values larger than 128. These magnets are still properly aligned as long as the difference between highest and lowest value over one full turn is at a minimum. The MagInc and MagDec indicators will be = 1 when the alignment mode reading is < 128. At the same time, hardware pin MagRngn (#1) will be pulled to VSS. The Alignment mode can be reset to normal operation mode by a power-on-reset (cycle power supply) or by a falling edge of CSn with PROG=low (see Figure 20).
15 Choosing the Proper Magnet
Typically the magnet should be 6mm in diameter and 2.5mm in height. Magnetic materials such as rare earth AlNiCo, SmCo5 or NdFeB are recommended.
The magnet's field strength perpendicular to the die surface should be verified using a gauss-meter. The magnetic field Bv at a given distance, along a concentric circle with a radius of 1.1mm (R1), should be in the range of 45mT...75mT. (see Figure 21).
typ. 6mm diameter
N
S
Magnet axis R1
Magnet axis
Vertical field component
R1 concentric circle; radius 1.1mm Vertical field component Bv (45...75mT)
0
360
360
Figure 21: Typical magnet and magnetic field distribution
Figure 19: Enabling the alignment mode
Figure 20: Exiting alignment mode
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AS5046 Programmable 360 Magnetic Angle Encoder - Preliminary Data Sheet
15.1 Physical Placement of the Magnet
The best linearity can be achieved by placing the center of the magnet exactly over the defined center of the IC package as shown in Figure 22:
3.9 mm
1
16 Simulation Modeling
3.9 mm 0.235mm 1
3.9 mm
2.433
mm X1
0.235mm
2.433 mm Defined center
Y1 X2
Y2
Rd
2.433 mm Area of recommended maximum magnet misalignment
AS5046 die
Figure 22: Defined IC center and magnet displacement radius
Center of die
Radius of circular Hall sensor array: 1.1mm radius
Figure 24: Arrangement of Hall sensor array on chip (principle)
15.1.1
Magnet Placement
The magnet's center axis should be aligned within a displacement radius Rd of 0.25mm from the defined center of the IC with reference to the edge of pin #1 (see Figure 22). This radius includes the placement tolerance of the chip within the SSOP-16 package (+/- 0.235mm). The displacement radius Rd is 0.485mm with reference to the center of the chip (see section 14: Alignment Mode). The vertical distance should be chosen such that the magnetic field on the die surface is within the specified limits (see Figure 21). The typical distance "z" between the magnet and the package surface is 0.5mm to 1.8mm with the recommended magnet (6mm x 3mm). Larger gaps are possible, as long as the required magnetic field strength stays within the defined limits. A magnetic field outside the specified range may still produce usable results, but the out-of-range condition will be indicated by MagRngn (pin 1), which will be pulled low. At this condition, the angular data is still available over the digital serial interface, but the analog output will be turned off.
With reference to Figure 24, a diametrically magnetized permanent magnet is placed above or below the surface of the AS5046. The chip uses an array of Hall sensors to sample the vertical vector of a magnetic field distributed across the device package surface. The area of magnetic sensitivity is a circular locus of 1.1mm radius with respect to the center of the die. The Hall sensors in the area of magnetic sensitivity are grouped and configured such that orthogonally related components of the magnetic fields are sampled differentially. The differential signal Y1-Y2 will give a sine vector of the magnetic field. The differential signal X1-X2 will give an orthogonally related cosine vector of the magnetic field. The angular displacement () of the magnetic source with reference to the Hall sensor array may then be modelled by:
= arctan
(Y 1 - Y 2) 0.5 ( X 1 - X 2)
The 0.5 angular error assumes a magnet optimally aligned over the center of the die and is a result of gain mismatch errors of the AS5046. Placement tolerances of the die within the package are 0.235mm in X and Y direction, using a reference point of the edge of pin #1 (Figure 24)
N
Die surface
S
Package surface
z
0.576mm 0.1mm 1.282mm 0.15mm
Figure 23: Vertical placement of the magnet
In order to neglect the influence of external disturbing magnetic fields, a robust differential sampling and ratiometric calculation algorithm has been implemented. The differential sampling of the sine and cosine vectors removes any common mode error due to DC components
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AS5046 Programmable 360 Magnetic Angle Encoder - Preliminary Data Sheet
introduced by the magnetic source itself or external disturbing magnetic fields. A ratiometric division of the sine and cosine vectors removes the need for an accurate absolute magnitude of the magnetic field and thus accurate Z-axis alignment of the magnetic source.
18 Angular Output Tolerances
18.1 Accuracy; Digital Outputs
Accuracy is defined as the error between measured angle and actual angle. It is influenced by several factors: the non-linearity of the analog-digital converters, internal gain and mismatch errors, non-linearity due to misalignment of the magnet As a sum of all these errors, the accuracy with centered magnet = (Errmax - Errmin)/2 is specified as better than 0.5 degrees @ 25C (see Figure 26). Misalignment of the magnet further reduces the accuracy. Figure 25 shows an example of a 3D-graph displaying non-linearity over XY-misalignment. The center of the square XY-area corresponds to a centered magnet (see dot in the center of the graph). The X- and Y- axis extends to a misalignment of 1mm in both directions. The total misalignment area of the graph covers a square of 2x2 mm (79x79mil) with a step size of 100m. For each misalignment step, the measurement as shown in Figure 26 is repeated and the accuracy (Errmax - Errmin)/2 (e.g. 0.25 in Figure 26) is entered as the Z-axis in the 3D-graph.
The recommended differential input range of the magnetic field strength (B(X1-X2),B(Y1-Y2)) is 75mT at the surface of the die. In addition to this range, an additional offset of 5mT, caused by unwanted external stray fields is allowed. The chip will continue to operate, but with degraded output linearity, if the signal field strength is outside the recommended range. Too strong magnetic fields will introduce errors due to saturation effects in the internal preamplifiers. Too weak magnetic fields will introduce errors due to noise becoming more dominant.
17 Failure Diagnostics
The AS5046 also offers several diagnostic and failure detection features:
17.1 Magnetic Field Strength Diagnosis
By software: the MagInc and MagDec status bits will both be high when the magnetic field is out of range. By hardware: Pin #1 (MagRngn) is a logical NAND-ed combination of the MagInc and MagDec status bits. It is an open-drain output and will be turned on (= low with external pull-up resistor) when the magnetic field is out of range. By hardware: Pin #12 (Vout) is the analog output of the DAC and OP-Amp. The analog output will be 0V, when the magnetic field is out of range (all analog modes).
18.2 Accuracy; Analog Output
The analog output has the same accuracy as the digital output with the addition of the nonlinearities of the DAC and the OPAMP (+/-1LSB; see Table 9 and 0).
Linearity Error over XY-misalignment []
17.2 Power Supply Failure Detection
By software: If the power supply to the AS5046 is interrupted, the digital data read by the serial interface will be all "0"s. Data is only valid, when bit OCF is high, hence a data stream with all "0"s is invalid. To ensure adequate low levels in the failure case, a pull-down resistor (~10k) should be added between pin DO and VSS at the receiving side By hardware: The MagRngn pin is an open drain output and requires an external pull-up resistor. In normal operation, this pin is high ohmic and the output is high. In a failure case, either when the magnetic field is out of range or the power supply is missing, this output will become low. To ensure an adequate low level in case of a broken power supply to the AS5046, the pull-up resistor (~10k) must be connected to the positive supply at pin 16 (VDD5V).
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6
5 4 3 2 1 0 1000 800 600
800 500 200 -100 -400 400 200 -700 -200 -400 -600 -1000 -800 -1000 x
y
Figure 25: Example of linearity error over XY misalignment
0
AS5046 Programmable 360 Magnetic Angle Encoder - Preliminary Data Sheet
The maximum non-linearity error on this example is better than 1 degree (inner circle) over a misalignment radius of ~0.7mm. For volume production, the placement tolerance of the IC within the package (0.235mm) must also be taken into account.
The total nonlinearity error over process tolerances, temperature and a misalignment circle radius of 0.25mm is specified better than 1.4 degrees.
The magnet used for this measurement was a cylindrical NdFeB (Bomatec(R) BMN-35H) magnet with 6mm diameter and 2.5mm in height.
linearity
0.5 0.4 0.3 0.2 0.1 0 -0.1 -0.2 -0.3 -0.4 -0.5
error
with
centered
magnet
transition noise
Err max
1
55 109 163 217 271 325 379 433 487 541 595 649 703 757 811 865 919 973
Err min
Figure 26: Example of linearity error over 360
18.3 Transition Noise
Transition noise is defined as the jitter in the transition between two steps. Due to the nature of the measurement principle (Hall sensors + Preamplifier + ADC), there is always a certain degree of noise involved. This transition noise voltage results in an angular transition noise at the outputs. It is specified as 0.06 degrees rms (1 sigma) *1 in fast mode (pin MODE = high) and 0.03 degrees rms (1 sigma) *1 in slow mode (pin MODE = low or open). These values are the repeatability of an indicated angle at a given mechanical position. The transition noise has different implications on the type of output that is used: absolute output; serial interface: The transition noise of the absolute output can be reduced by the user by applying an averaging of readings. An averaging of 4 readings will reduce the transition noise by 6dB or 50%, e.g. from 0.03rms to 0.015rms (1 sigma) in slow mode analog output: Ideally, the analog output should have a jitter that is less than one digit. In 360 mode, both fast or slow mode may be selected for adequate low jitter.
Revision 1.1
In 180, 90 or 45 mode, where the step sizes are smaller, slow mode should be selected to reduce the output jitter.
*1
: statistically, 1 sigma represents 68.27% of readings, 3 sigma represents 99.73% of readings.
18.4 High Speed Operation
18.4.1 Sampling Rate
The AS5046 samples the angular value at a rate of 10.42k samples per second (ksps) in fast mode and 2.61ksps in slow mode. Consequently, a new reading is performed each 96s. (fast mode) or 384s (slow mode). At a stationary position of the magnet, this sampling rate creates no additional error. Absolute Mode: With the given sampling rates, the number of samples (n) per turn for a magnet rotating at high speed can be calculated by
n= n=
60 for fast mode rpm 96 s 60 for slow mode rpm 384 s
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AS5046 Programmable 360 Magnetic Angle Encoder - Preliminary Data Sheet
In practice, there is no upper speed limit. The only restriction is that there will be fewer samples per revolution as the speed increases. Regardless of the rotational speed, the absolute angular value is always sampled at the highest resolution.
18.6 Internal Timing Tolerance
The AS5046 does not require an external ceramic resonator or quartz. All internal clock timings for the AS5046 are generated by an on-chip RC oscillator. This oscillator is factory trimmed to 5% accuracy at room temperature (10% over full temperature range). This tolerance influences the ADC sampling rate:
Fast Mode (pin Mode = 1) 610rpm = 1024 samples / turn 1220rpm = 512 samples / turn 2441rpm = 256 samples / turn etc...
Slow Mode (pin Mode = 0 or open) 610rpm = 256 samples / turn 1220rpm = 128 samples / turn 2441rpm = 64 samples / turn etc...
Table 10: Speed performance
18.6.1
Absolute Output; Serial Interface
A new angular value is updated every 96s +/- 5% (Mode = 1) or 384s +/- 5% (Mode = 0 or open)
18.5 Output Delays
The propagation delay is the delay between the time that the sample is taken until it is available as angular data. This delay is 96s in fast mode (pin Mode = high) and 384s in slow mode (pin Mode = low or open) The analog output produces no further delay, the output voltage will be updated as soon as it is available. Using the serial interface for data transmission, an additional delay must be considered, caused by the asynchronous sampling (0....1/fsample) and the time it takes the external control unit to read and process the angular data from the AS5046.
18.7 Temperature
18.7.1 Magnetic Temperature Coefficient
One of the major benefits of the AS5046 compared to linear Hall sensors is that it is much less sensitive to temperature. While linear Hall sensors require a compensation of the magnet's temperature coefficients, the AS5046 automatically compensates for the varying magnetic field strength over temperature. The magnet's temperature drift does not need to be considered, as the AS5046 operates with magnetic field strengths from 45...75mT.
18.5.1
Angular Error Caused by Propagation Delay
A rotating magnet will cause an angular error caused by the propagation delay. This error increases linearly with speed:
Example: A NdFeB magnet has a field strength of 75mT @ -40C and a temperature coefficient of -0.12% per Kelvin. The temperature change is from -40 to +125 = 165K. The magnetic field change is: 165 x -0.12% = -19.8%, which corresponds to 75mT at -40C and 60mT at 125C . The AS5046 can compensate for this temperature related field strength change automatically, no user adjustment is required.
e sampling (deg) = 6 rpm pr.delay
where esampling = angular error [] rpm = rotating speed [rpm] prop.delay = propagation delay [seconds]
18.7.2
Accuracy over Temperature
The influence of temperature in the absolute accuracy is very low. While the accuracy is 0.5 at room temperature, it may increase to 0.9 due to increasing noise at high temperatures.
Note: since the propagation delay is known, it can be automatically compensated by the control unit processing the data from the AS5046.
18.7.3
Timing Tolerance over Temperature
The internal RC oscillator is factory trimmed to 5%. Over temperature, this tolerance may increase to 10%. Generally, the timing tolerance has no influence in the accuracy or resolution of the system, as it is used mainly for internal clock generation.
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AS5046 Programmable 360 Magnetic Angle Encoder
19 Package Drawings and Markings
16-Lead Shrink Small Outline Package SSOP-16
AYWWIZZ AS5046
Marking: AYWWIZZ
Dimensions mm Symbol Min Typ Max inch Min Typ Max
A: Pb-Free Identifier Y: Last Digit of Manufacturing Year WW: Manufacturing Week I: Plant Identifier ZZ: Traceability Code
A A1 A2 b c D E E1 e K L
1.73 0.05 1.68 0.25 0.09 6.07 7.65 5.2 0.65 0 0.63
1.86 0.13 1.73 0.315 6.20 7.8 5.3 0.75
1.99 0.21 1.78 0.38 0.20 6.33 7.9 5.38 8 0.95
.068 .002 .066 .010 .004 .239 .301 .205 .0256 0 .025
.073 .005 .068 .012 .244 .307 .209 .030
.078 .008 .070 .015 .008 .249 .311 .212 8 .037
JEDEC Package Outline Standard: MO - 150 AC Thermal Resistance Rth(j-a): typ. 151 K/W in still air, soldered on PCB
IC's marked with a white dot or the letters "ES" denote Engineering samples
20 Packing Options
Delivery: Tape and Reel (1 reel = 2000 devices) Tubes (1 box = 100 tubes a 77 devices)
Order # AS5046ASSU Order # AS5046ASST
for delivery in tubes for delivery in tape and reel
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AS5046 Programmable 360 Magnetic Angle Encoder
21 Recommended PCB Footprint
Recommended Footprint Data
A B C D E
mm 9.02 6.16 0.46 0.65 5.01
inch 0.355 0.242 0.018 0.025 0.197
22 Contact
22.1 Headquarters
austriamicrosystems AG A 8141 Schloss Premstatten, Austria Phone: +43 3136 500 0 Fax: +43 3136 525 01 www.austriamicrosystems.com
Copyrights
Copyright (c) 1997-2007, austriamicrosystems AG, Schloss Premstaetten, 8141 Unterpremstaetten, Austria-Europe. Trademarks Registered (R). All rights reserved. The material herein may not be reproduced, adapted, merged, translated, stored, or used without the prior written consent of the copyright owner. All products and companies mentioned are trademarks or registered trademarks of their respective companies. This product is protected by U.S. Patent No. 7,095,228.
Disclaimer
Devices sold by austriamicrosystems AG are covered by the warranty and patent indemnification provisions appearing in its Term of Sale. austriamicrosystems AG makes no warranty, express, statutory, implied, or by description regarding the information set forth herein or regarding the freedom of the described devices from patent infringement. austriamicrosystems AG reserves the right to change specifications and prices at any time and without notice. Therefore, prior to designing this product into a system, it is necessary to check with austriamicrosystems AG for current information. This product is intended for use in normal commercial applications. Applications requiring extended temperature range, unusual environmental requirements, or high reliability applications, such as military, medical life-support or lifesustaining equipment are specifically not recommended without additional processing by austriamicrosystems AG for each application. The information furnished here by austriamicrosystems AG is believed to be correct and accurate. However, austriamicrosystems AG shall not be liable to recipient or any third party for any damages, including but not limited to personal injury, property damage, loss of profits, loss of use, interruption of business or indirect, special, incidental or consequential damages, of any kind, in connection with or arising out of the furnishing, performance or use of the technical data herein. No obligation or liability to recipient or any third party shall arise or flow out of austriamicrosystems AG rendering of technical or other services.
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